{"id":29296,"date":"2021-02-04T08:29:28","date_gmt":"2021-02-04T08:29:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.marinpasalodos.com\/?p=29296"},"modified":"2021-02-04T08:30:42","modified_gmt":"2021-02-04T08:30:42","slug":"abuzul-sexual-cum-defineste-care-pedeapsa-aplicabila-cum-diferentiaza-agresiunea-sexuala","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.marinpasalodos.com\/ro\/abuzul-sexual-cum-defineste-care-pedeapsa-aplicabila-cum-diferentiaza-agresiunea-sexuala\/","title":{"rendered":"Abuzul sexual: cum se define\u0219te, care sunt pedepsele, cum se diferen\u021biaz\u0103 de agresiunea sexual\u0103"},"content":{"rendered":"

Dreptul penal are scopul de a asigura cadrul juridic corespunz\u0103tor ap\u0103r\u0103rii valorilor sociale fundamentale. Ocrotirea libert\u0103\u021bii \u0219i integrit\u0103\u021bii sexuale nu reprezint\u0103 o tem\u0103 nou\u0103, ci, mai degrab\u0103, o constant\u0103 important\u0103 pe parcursul \u00eentregii istorii a dreptului penal, ale c\u0103rei modalit\u0103\u021bi de realizare sunt \u00eens\u0103 \u00eentr-o continu\u0103 modificare.<\/p>\n

Directiva Parlamentului European \u0219i a Consiliului nr. 93 din 13\u00a0decembrie 2011 privind combaterea abuzului sexual asupra copiilor, a exploat\u0103rii sexuale a copiilor \u0219i a pornografiei infantile subliniaz\u0103 realitatea \u00eengrijor\u0103toare a fenomenului: ,,abuzul sexual \u0219i exploatarea sexual\u0103 a copiilor reprezint\u0103 forme deosebit de grave de infrac\u021biune, fiind \u00eendreptate direct asupra copiilor, care au dreptul la \u00eengrijire \u0219i protec\u021bie special\u0103. Aceste fenomene au asupra victimelor efecte nocive, pe termen lung, de natur\u0103 fizic\u0103, psihologic\u0103 \u0219i social\u0103, iar persisten\u021ba lor submineaz\u0103 valorile fundamentale ale societ\u0103\u021bii moderne legate de protec\u021bia special\u0103 a copiilor, precum \u0219i \u00eencrederea \u00een institu\u021biile relevante ale statului. \u00cen pofida lipsei unor statistici fiabile \u0219i riguroase, studiile sugereaz\u0103 c\u0103 este posibil ca o minoritate semnificativ\u0103 de copii din Europa s\u0103 fie abuzat\u0103 sexual pe durata copil\u0103riei, iar cercet\u0103rile sugereaz\u0103, de asemenea, c\u0103 acest fenomen nu scade \u00een timp, dimpotriv\u0103, anumite forme de violen\u021b\u0103 sexual\u0103 se manifest\u0103 din ce \u00een ce mai mult.\u201d<\/p>\n

Avoca\u021bii cabinetului Marin&Pasalodos din Barcelona sunt deseori consulta\u021bi cu privire la spe\u021be ce includ abuzuri sexuale. Aceste cazuri au \"acoso<\/a> \u00eentotdeauna un rang de sensibilitate \u0219i dificultate sporit, at\u00e2t prin prisma calific\u0103rii juridice complexe date de legiuitor, dar \u0219i din cauza repercusiunilor grave asupra subiectului v\u0103t\u0103mat. A\u0219adar, prin prezentul articol ne-am propus s\u0103 v\u0103 explic\u0103m ce este un abuz sexual, care e pedeapsa aplicabil\u0103, cum se diferen\u021biaz\u0103 acesta de agresiunea sexual\u0103, precum \u0219i s\u0103 tragem un semnal de alarm\u0103 \u00een ceea ce prive\u0219te impactul cu prec\u0103dere psihologic pe care astfel de infrac\u021biuni le produc asupra victimei.<\/p>\n

Infrac\u021biunea de abuz sexual se reg\u0103se\u0219te \u00een Titlul VIII (infrac\u021biuni \u00eempotriva libert\u0103\u021bii \u0219i integrit\u0103\u021bii sexuale), Capitolul II, articolele 181 \u0219i 182 din Codul penal spaniol. Aceast\u0103 infrac\u021biune prevede un comportament care \u00eencalc\u0103 libertatea sexual\u0103 a unei persoane, f\u0103r\u0103 consim\u021b\u0103m\u00e2ntul acesteia, indiferent de sex \u0219i f\u0103r\u0103 a utiliza violen\u021ba, for\u021ba sau intimidarea.<\/p>\n

A\u0219adar, potrivit art.181.1 din Codul penal spaniol, oricine, f\u0103r\u0103 violen\u021b\u0103 sau intimidare \u0219i f\u0103r\u0103 consim\u021b\u0103m\u00e2ntul victimei, s\u0103v\u00e2r\u0219e\u0219te acte care \u00eencalc\u0103 libertatea sexual\u0103 a acesteia, va fi pedepsit, ca responsabil pentru abuzuri sexuale, cu o pedeaps\u0103 de \u00eenchisoare de la 1 la 3 ani sau o amend\u0103 de la 18 la 24 de luni<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

\u00cen sensul articolului 181.2 din Codul penal, abuzurile sexuale f\u0103r\u0103 consim\u021b\u0103m\u00e2nt sunt considerate \u0219i cele care sunt comise asupra persoanelor cu o tulburare mintal\u0103 care este abuzat\u0103 sau cele comise asupra persoanelor care consum\u0103 droguri sau orice alt\u0103 substan\u021b\u0103 care altereaz\u0103 voin\u021ba victimei. Cu toate acestea, trebuie remarcat faptul c\u0103, dac\u0103 consim\u021b\u0103m\u00e2ntul a fost ob\u021binut profit\u00e2nd de o situa\u021bie sau pozi\u021bie de superioritate fa\u021b\u0103 de victim\u0103, se va aplica \u0219i pedeapsa indicat\u0103 de articolul 181.1.<\/p>\n

Art.181.3 prevede situa\u021bia \u00een care abuzul sexual are loc la fel f\u0103r\u0103 consim\u021b\u0103m\u00e2ntul victimei, \u00een acest caz libertatea acesteia fiind restric\u021bionat\u0103 (spre exemplu victima este \u00eenchis\u0103 \u00eentr-o camera \u0219i nu are posibilitatea s\u0103 ias\u0103), \u00eens\u0103 f\u0103r\u0103 a utiliza violen\u021ba, for\u021ba sau intimidarea.<\/p>\n

\u00cen toate cele 3 cazuri, pedeapsa va fi \u00eenchisoarea de la 1 la 3 ani sau o amend\u0103 de la 18 la 24 de luni.<\/p>\n

Tipul agravat al infrac\u021biunii de abuz sexual<\/h3>\n

Pedeapsa pentru abuzarea sexual\u0103 a altei persoane poate fi majorat\u0103 \u00een cazul \u00een care apar circumstan\u021bele prev\u0103zute la articolele 181.4 \u0219i 184.5. A\u0219adar, pedeapsa va fi majorat\u0103 \u00een urm\u0103toarele cazuri: atunci c\u00e2nd abuzul sexual este comis prin act sexual, fie pe cale vaginal\u0103, anal\u0103 sau oral\u0103, sau dac\u0103 sunt introduse membre ale corpului sau obiecte prin oricare dintre primele dou\u0103 c\u0103i.<\/p>\n

\u00cen toate cazurile de mai sus, persoana responsabil\u0103 va fi pedepsit\u0103 cu o pedeaps\u0103 cu \u00eenchisoarea de la 4 la 10 ani.<\/p>\n

\u00cen cazul \u00een care victima este de o vulnerabilitate sporit\u0103 prin prisma v\u00e2rstei, a unei boli de care sufer\u0103 sau o situa\u021bie deosebit\u0103 \u00een care se afl\u0103, limitele pedepsei vor fi \u00eentre 7 \u0219i 10 ani de \u00eenchisoare. Codul Penal stabile\u0219te c\u0103, dac\u0103 \u00een acela\u0219i context s-au realizat mai multe elemente agravante, pedeapsa va fi spre maximul s\u0103u superior.<\/p>\n

Diferen\u021ba dintre abuz sexual \u0219i agresiune sexual\u0103<\/h2>\n

Trebuie s\u0103 fie clar c\u0103, infrac\u021biunile de agresiune sexual\u0103 \u0219i abuz sexual sunt diferite. Ambele au \u00een comun faptul c\u0103 actul sexual produs a fost contrar voin\u021bei victimei, adic\u0103 f\u0103r\u0103 consim\u021b\u0103m\u00e2ntul acesteia, dar difer\u0103 fundamental prin faptul c\u0103 agresiunea sexual\u0103, spre deosebire de abuzul sexual, necesit\u0103 existen\u021ba violen\u021bei sau a intimid\u0103rii.<\/p>\n

Tribunalul Suprem Spaniol (Sala 2), prin sentin\u021ba din data de 24 aprilie 2019, contureaz\u0103 elementele de diferen\u021biere \u00eentre cele dou\u0103 infrac\u021biuni, explic\u00e2nd c\u0103, de\u0219i discut\u0103m despre o lips\u0103 a consim\u021b\u0103m\u00e2ntului la ambele infrac\u021biuni, \u00een cazul abuzului sexual, acest lucru nu trebuie analizat de maniera literal\u0103. E foarte important s\u0103 distingem c\u0103 exist\u0103 o lips\u0103 a consim\u021b\u0103m\u00e2ntului atunci c\u00e2nd:<\/p>\n

-consim\u021b\u0103m\u00e2ntul, de\u0219i dat de victim\u0103, a fost viciat, precum \u00een cazul lipsei discern\u0103m\u00e2ntului sau din cauza existen\u021bei unei incapacit\u0103\u021bi;
\n-consim\u021b\u0103m\u00e2ntul a fost dat ca urmare a administr\u0103rii medicamentelor sau substan\u021belor narcotice, dar, aten\u021bie, f\u0103r\u0103 utilizarea for\u021bei;
\n-consim\u021b\u0103m\u00e2ntul s-a ob\u021binut ca urmare a profit\u0103rii de situa\u021bia de superioritate fa\u021b\u0103 de victim\u0103, aceasta constituind o alt\u0103 variant\u0103 agravat\u0103.<\/p>\n

\u00cen orice caz, abuzul sexual presupune c\u0103 victima s-a aflat \u00eentr-o situa\u021bie \u00een care era \u00een imposibilitate de a-\u0219i manifesta, de maniera con\u0219tient\u0103, consim\u021b\u0103m\u00e2ntul. \u00cen schimb, dac\u0103 autorul a utilizat violen\u021be sau intimid\u0103ri care induc o fric\u0103 terorizant\u0103 pentru victima, ne afl\u0103m \u00een prezen\u021ba infrac\u021biunii de agresiune sexual\u0103. Din acest motiv, limitele de pedeaps\u0103 ale acesteia din urm\u0103 sunt mai ridicate.<\/p>\n

Abuzul sexual asupra minorilor \u0219i consecin\u021bele acestuia<\/h3>\n

Aceast\u0103 infrac\u021biune este cu un grad ridicat de periculozitate, lu\u00e2nd \u00een considerare faptul c\u0103 subiectul pasiv, minorul, este o persoan\u0103 care poate fi antrenat\u0103 \u00een ac\u021biuni cu risc sporit pentru via\u021ba \u0219i s\u0103n\u0103tatea lui. A\u0219adar, din p\u0103cate, minorii pot fi u\u0219or manipula\u021bi, min\u021bi\u021bi, influen\u021ba\u021bi \u00een a comite acte, ale c\u0103ror consecin\u021be negative nu pot s\u0103 le prevad\u0103.<\/p>\n

Consecin\u021bele care pot fi generate de abuzul sexual asupra minorului \u021bin \u00een cea mai mare m\u0103sur\u0103 de s\u0103n\u0103tatea lui, de predispozi\u021bia acestuia spre depresie, susceptibilitatea consumului de substan\u021be psihotrope, stresul post-traumatic pe care \u00eel poate resim\u021bi minorul, tendin\u021be spre suicid. Acestea sunt printre cele mai grave efecte ale unei astfel de fapte, \u00eens\u0103 nu trebuie s\u0103 uit\u0103m de consecin\u021bele sociale pe care le presupune \u0219i aici putem enumera comportamentul sexual agresiv pe care \u00eel poate dezvolta victima ulterior faptei, c\u00e2nd minorul agresat se transform\u0103 la r\u00e2ndul s\u0103u \u00een agresor sexual, sc\u0103derea nivelului de integrare \u0219i adaptare social\u0103.<\/p>\n

Curtea Europeana a Drepturilor Omului subliniaz\u0103, \u00een cauza Trabajo Ruedo \u00eempotriva Spaniei, c\u0103 \u201eabuzul sexual este, f\u0103r\u0103 \u00eendoial\u0103, o infrac\u0163iune abominabil\u0103, cu efecte devastatoare asupra victimelor\u201d \u015fi c\u0103 \u201ecopiii \u015fi alte persoane vulnerabile sunt \u00eendrept\u0103\u0163ite s\u0103 aib\u0103 protec\u0163ia statului sub forma unor m\u0103suri de descurajare eficiente, fa\u0163\u0103 de interferen\u0163e at\u00e2t de grave \u00een aspecte esen\u0163iale ale vie\u0163ii lor private\u201d.<\/p>\n

Abuzurile sexuale asupra copiilor pe internet<\/h3>\n

Am men\u021bionat \u00een introducerea articolului despre modific\u0103rile continue ale modalit\u0103\u021bii de realizare ale infrac\u021biunilor \u00eempotriva libert\u0103\u021bilor sexuale. \u00cen acest sens, amintim Rezolu\u0163ia Parlamentului European din 11 martie 2015 referitoare la abuzurile sexuale asupra copiilor pe internet, care propune strategii privind abuzurile sexuale \u00een mediul cibernetic. E o realitate c\u0103 internetul poate expune copiii la riscuri specifice, prin faptul c\u0103 ace\u0219tia pot avea acces la materiale de exploatare sexual\u0103 a copiilor sau pot face obiectul acestora sau pot fi expu\u0219i la \u201epr\u0103d\u0103torii\u201d cibernetici, la schimburi de materiale cu con\u021binut violent, intimidare, h\u0103r\u021buire sau ademenire a copiilor \u00een scopuri sexuale. Consim\u021b\u0103m\u00e2ntul din structura infrac\u021biunii de abuz sexual poate fi, a\u0219adar, viciat \u0219i prin modalit\u0103\u021bi moderne de ademenire a minorilor, simul\u00e2nd o rela\u021bie de amici\u021bie sau de \u00eencredere \u00een mediul online.<\/p>\n

Decizia-cadru 2001\/220\/JAI stabile\u0219te un set de drepturi ale victimelor \u00een cadrul procedurilor penale, inclusiv dreptul la protec\u021bie \u0219i la desp\u0103gubiri. \u00cen plus, \u00eencurajeaz\u0103 copiii victime ale abuzului sexual, ale exploat\u0103rii sexuale sau ale pornografiei infantile s\u0103 beneficieze de acces la consiliere juridic\u0103 \u0219i, \u00een func\u021bie de rolul victimelor \u00een cadrul sistemelor de justi\u021bie relevante, la reprezentare judiciar\u0103, inclusiv \u00een scopul solicit\u0103rii de desp\u0103gubiri. Astfel, aderam la recomandarea Consiliului \u0219i v\u0103 \u00eencuraj\u0103m s\u0103 apela\u021bi la consiliere juridic\u0103 privind orice atingere adus\u0103 libert\u0103\u021bilor dumneavoastr\u0103 fundamentale.<\/p>\n

A\u0219adar, dac\u0103 dori\u021bi s\u0103 afla\u021bi mai multe informa\u021bii sau dac\u0103 ave\u021bi nevoie de avocat, respectiv de \u00eendrumare juridic\u0103, nu ezita\u021bi s\u0103 ne contacta\u021bi. Echipa biroului de avoca\u021bi rom\u00e2ni din Barcelona<\/a> este specializat\u0103 \u00een drept penal<\/a>, dreptul familiei<\/a> \u0219i dreptul muncii<\/a> \u0219i depune toate diligen\u021bele necesare pentru a v\u0103 ob\u021bine un rezultat care s\u0103 v\u0103 satisfac\u0103. Ne pute\u021bi contacta la num\u0103rul de telefon (0034) 932006766, sau la adresa de e-mail secretaria@marinpasalodos.com.<\/p>\n

V\u0103 mul\u021bumim pentru \u00eencrederea acordat\u0103!<\/p>\n

\"telefon<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Dreptul penal are scopul de a asigura cadrul juridic corespunz\u0103tor ap\u0103r\u0103rii valorilor sociale fundamentale. Ocrotirea libert\u0103\u021bii \u0219i integrit\u0103\u021bii sexuale nu reprezint\u0103 o tem\u0103 nou\u0103, ci, mai degrab\u0103, o constant\u0103 important\u0103 pe parcursul \u00eentregii istorii a dreptului penal, ale c\u0103rei modalit\u0103\u021bi de realizare sunt \u00eens\u0103 \u00eentr-o continu\u0103 modificare.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[18],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-29296","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-blog-ro"],"yoast_head":"\nAbuzul sexual: cum se define\u0219te, care sunt pedepsele, cum se diferen\u021biaz\u0103 de agresiunea sexual\u0103<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Abuzul sexual \u0219i exploatarea sexual\u0103 a copiilor reprezint\u0103 forme deosebit de grave de infrac\u021biune, fiind \u00eendreptate direct asupra copiilor, care au dreptul 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